Molecular Imaging

Molecular imaging (also called nuclear medicine or nuclear imaging) can image the function of cells inside the body at the molecular level. This includes the imaging modalities of positron emission computed tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. How does PET and SPECT imaging work? Small amounts of radioactive material (radiopharmaceuticals) injected into a patient. These can use sugars or chemical traits to bond to specific cells. The radioactive material is taken up by cells that consume the sugars. The radiation emitted from inside the body is detected by photon detectors outside the body. Computers take the data to assemble images of the radiation emissions. Nuclear images may appear fuzzy or ghostly rather than the sharper resolution from MRI and CT.  But, it provides metabolic information at a cellular level, showing if there are defects in the function of the heart, areas of very high metabolic activity associated with cancer cells, or areas of inflammation, data not available from other modalities. These noninvasive imaging exams are used to diagnose cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, bone disorders and other disorders. 

Take heart: PET market to increase with new cardiac agents

Two novel cardiovascular PET agents are in the wings from FluoroPharma Medical, according to a recent profile in Forbes magazine.

January 15, 2014

Stem cell therapy could treat Parkinson's

A novel non-embyronic stem cell therapy is being studied to replace damaged dopaminergic brain cells in Parkinson's patients with their own cells in the hopes of restoring normal movement. 

January 10, 2014
Memories

Estimated Alzheimer's spikes to 135 million by 2050

New data regarding the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is looming far and above previous estimates: 17 percent higher than previously thought, according to statistics from Alzheimer's Disease International.

December 9, 2013

South African plant leak has caused worldwide medical isotope shortage

South African Nuclear Energy Corp. announced this month that a leak has resulted in a global shortage of molybdenum-99, the precursor for Tc-99m used in a majority of molecular imaging scans. Authorities reportedly conducted an investigation Nov. 12 at the NTP plant in Pelindaba, just shy of 20 miles from the capital of Pretoria. It was estimated that the leak began Nov. 2. and was comprised of noble gas and iodine. Repairs are underway and the NTP plant will await independent review and authorization from the National Nuclear Regulator before operation can begin again.

November 19, 2013

Quantum dots facilitate a leap into alternative energy

The semiconductor photocatalysts known in molecular imaging as "quantum dots" are now being used for something completely different: alternative energy. The nanocrystals, instead of highlighting tissues, are harnessing methanol through a process of photosynthesis. This and other research, including advances in biomedical 3D printing and oncologic iron-based MRI contrast agents are featured in a profile of new research published in the New York Academy of Sciences magazine.

November 19, 2013

PQRS: Play Now or Pay Later

Human nature being what it is, physician participation in Medicare’s Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS) will likely accelerate as the agency phases incentives out and penalties in. The effect may prove especially conspicuous since the bonuses have been voluntary and modest. By contrast, the forfeitures will be automatic and, if paired with other pay-for-performance requirements, impossible to ignore.

November 5, 2013
Functional MRI (fMRI) image measuring the strength of connectivity in particular brain circuits before and after subjects were given either a 20-milligram oral dose of methylphenidate used to treat ADHD or a placebo. The scans showed that methylphenidate strengthened connectivity between several brain regions involved in regulating emotions and exerting control over behaviors. Image courtesy of Brookhaven, Stony Brook, and the National Institutes of Health.

Imaging Addiction: Could PET & MR End Cocaine Abuse?

Cocaine addiction can ruin a person physically and financially, and with an estimated 1.4 million cocaine users in the U.S., thousands will become trapped by their habit. While previous research on the drug and its addictive potential were observational and subjective, imaging is reshaping how we see addiction—and how it will be treated.

November 5, 2013

Several new genes found related to Alzheimer's

New research brings 11 new genes into focus as potential links to Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis, all associated with the build-up of protein plaques in the brain. The data was made available as a result of the international Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP), according to an Oct. 28 report by The Huffington Post.

November 1, 2013

Around the web

Automated AI-generated measurements combined with annotated CT images can improve treatment planning and help referring physicians and patients better understand their disease, explained Sarah Jane Rinehart, MD, director of cardiac imaging with Charleston Area Medical Center.

Two advanced algorithms—one for CAC scores and another for segmenting cardiac chamber volumes—outperformed radiologists when assessing low-dose chest CT scans. 

"Gen AI can help tackle repetitive tasks and provide insights into massive datasets, saving valuable time," Thomas Kurian, CEO of Google Cloud, said Tuesday. 

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